selection12: Ecosystems and Human Well-being.

It is obvious that the world depend clearly on earth's ecosystems and its provided services. Humans have gone too far beyond benefiting from these services, they even changed these ecosystems rapidly in a very short period of time. These changes contributed to substantial acquisition in economical development, but other fields have been dramatically affected. Managing the world's ecosystems have caused drastic harm to particular people. The most common issues that resulted from out control of the earth's ecosystems are as the following.

• First and foremost, about 60% of the ecosystem services are being degraded , this degradation causes a barrier to achieve the millennium development goals. The problems derived from challenges such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, land degradation and many more- that are the result of the human ecological management- cannot be simply solved. However, changes in policies and practices can indeed moderate some of these issues but definitely not all of the serious problems that resulted from the growing pressures on ecosystems.
• this rapid ans significant change in the structure and functioning of the world's ecosystems, resulted in 20% loss of the world's coral reefs. Furthermore, the amount of water confined in behind dams quadrupled since 1960. Nitrogen's amount in terrestrial ecosystems doubled, flows of phosphorous have tripled. The concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by 32% due to combustion of fossil fuels. Humans also altered the diversity of life on earth which resulted in a loss of biodiversity.

The MA developed four scenarios in order to meet favourable futures for the ecosystems, these scenarios explore the world in two different paths, one in which it becomes globalized and the other in which it gets regionalized. As an example of such progress, eliminating hunger, child mortality, and deseases.